The government of DR Congo has strongly denied claims that it is selling off its mineral wealth in connection with a strategic cooperation framework signed with the United States. Officials emphasised that the agreement is still in its preliminary stages and does not involve the transfer of ownership or control over the country’s vast natural resources. The framework, signed in December 2025, outlines a basis for deeper engagement between Congo and the United States on critical minerals, including cobalt, copper, lithium, and coltan.
These minerals are vital for modern technologies such as electric vehicle batteries, renewable energy systems, electronics, and industrial applications. The DRC possesses some of the largest known reserves of these strategic resources globally. Government authorities stressed that the deal is intended to promote joint development projects and collaboration, rather than the outright sale of assets. “For those who think we are going to sell everything for nothing, I must be very clear: we have sold nothing, and we will sell nothing for nothing,” said Congo’s Mines Minister Louis Watum Kabamba during the Investing in African Mining Indaba conference in Cape Town. He described the pact as a framework for dialogue and potential partnerships, not a contract for the transfer of minerals to foreign powers
Scope of the U.S.-DRC cooperation
The U.S.–DRC framework is primarily focused on identifying opportunities for investment and collaboration in the mining sector, particularly in areas that advance industrial capacity, supply chain development, and infrastructure. The Congolese government has repeatedly insisted that no rights to the nation’s resources are automatically granted to the United States.
Any foreign involvement in projects would require negotiated agreements, meeting Congolese standards for fairness, economic value, and sovereignty. Officials noted that only about 10 percent of the DRC’s mineral resources are currently exploited, meaning there remains substantial untapped potential. Structured partnerships with foreign investors could help boost local industries, create jobs, and support sustainable development, provided the agreements protect the country’s long-term interests
Domestic concerns and opposition
Despite these assurances, the agreement has faced growing opposition domestically. Political figures, civil society leaders, and human rights advocates in Kinshasa have expressed concerns that the deal may compromise national sovereignty or disproportionately benefit political elites. Critics argue that the framework could set a precedent for future agreements that might allow foreign powers undue influence over the country’s mineral resources.
Legal actions have been initiated by groups challenging the legitimacy of the cooperation framework, asserting that the Congolese government must ensure that natural resources benefit the population first. Opposition voices have called for greater transparency, public oversight, and protections against foreign dominance in strategic sectors
Regional and continental reactions
The controversy over the DRC–U.S. mineral agreement has attracted attention across Africa. Officials from other nations have urged that African states strengthen continental cooperation on natural resources to prevent unilateral deals that could undermine regional interests. Observers stress the importance of balancing foreign partnerships with initiatives that promote local beneficiation, industrialisation, and sustainable economic growth. Experts argue that coordinated regional strategies would ensure African nations leverage their resources effectively while retaining control over key assets. Failure to do so could lead to competition between external powers that may not prioritise African development.
Geopolitical and strategic context
The United States’ interest in Congolese minerals forms part of a broader strategy to diversify access to strategic raw materials essential for clean technologies, national security, and supply chain resilience. China remains the dominant player in global mineral supply chains, particularly in Africa, making the DRC an important arena for U.S. engagement. The U.S.-DRC framework is seen by analysts as an effort to counterbalance Chinese influence, while also providing opportunities for technology transfer, investment, and infrastructure development. Congo remains cautious to ensure that any collaboration respects national sovereignty and delivers tangible benefits to its citizens.
Economic and development implications
Supporters of the framework argue that foreign investment could stimulate local economies, provide jobs, and encourage the transfer of technical skills. However, economists stress that governance, regulatory oversight, and transparent management are critical to ensuring that investments result in equitable distribution of benefits, environmental protection, and long-term economic growth. The DRC’s approach highlights the balancing act required to attract strategic investment while maintaining control over key national assets
Looking ahead
The Congolese government has reiterated its commitment to pursuing partnerships that respect national interests, strengthen domestic industries, and foster sustainable development. Officials emphasise that the cooperation framework with the United States remains a preliminary mechanism for dialogue and potential collaboration, not a blueprint for selling off resources. Public scrutiny is expected to remain high as discussions continue, with both domestic and international observers closely monitoring the evolving situation. The government has pledged transparency and reiterated that Congo’s mineral wealth will continue to serve the interests of its people first and foremost.
