Togo is on edge as nationwide protests are expected to escalate this Friday in response to sweeping constitutional changes that effectively allow President Faure Gnassingbé, already in power for nearly two decades to rule indefinitely as prime minister. The controversial political shift, which has already sparked deadly clashes in the capital Lomé, is being condemned by activists and civil society groups as a dangerous step away from democracy.
A Constitutional Shift Without Public Consent
In early 2024, the Togolese government introduced a new constitution that fundamentally restructures the nation’s political system. Without a national referendum, the law was passed by the ruling party-dominated legislature and effectively transfers all executive power to the prime minister, currently Faure Gnassingbé himself.
Under the new system, the presidency is relegated to a largely ceremonial role, now held by 86-year-old Jean-Lucien Savi de Tové, a veteran political figure appointed by parliament. The changes came into full effect in May when Gnassingbé was formally installed as prime minister, raising alarms across the country and beyond.
“This is not just a legal change, it’s a political maneuver to sidestep term limits and democratic accountability,” said Kossi Adjakpa, a political analyst based in Lomé. “It’s a constitutional coup.”
Mounting Resistance and Civil Unrest
The response from the public has been swift and emotional. In recent weeks, protests led primarily by young people, artists, and digital activists have taken over the streets of Lomé and other urban centers. Demonstrators accuse the government of hijacking the constitution to entrench a family dynasty, Gnassingbé has ruled since 2005, succeeding his father, who ruled for 38 years before him.
At least five protesters have been killed during clashes with security forces since demonstrations began. Videos circulating on social media show police using tear gas and batons to disperse crowds. Many fear more violence as calls grow for another round of mass protests this Friday.
“We are not afraid,” said Ama, a 23-year-old student who has participated in the protests. “We are the new generation, and we will not accept dictatorship disguised as democracy.”
An Opposition in Disarray
One notable development is the absence of traditional political opposition in leading these protests. Following dismal results in the recent local elections, long-established opposition parties have been sidelined. Instead, the protest movement has been driven by grassroots voices, social media campaigns, and cultural influencers.
“The streets belong to the people now,” said Togolese rapper and activist Kanaa B, who has become a prominent voice online. “Our leaders failed us, so we are taking our future into our own hands.”
Despite the chaos, government officials maintain the legitimacy of the new constitutional process and warn that public disorder will not be tolerated.
“The reforms were passed lawfully by the elected representatives of the people,” said Minister of Communication and Civic Education, Akouavi Lawani. “We welcome peaceful debate, but illegal demonstrations will be dealt with in accordance with the law.”
Why This Matters
Togo’s political crisis is drawing international attention as another example of democratic backsliding in West Africa. The region has seen a string of coups and constitutional manipulations in recent years, raising concerns about long-term stability and governance.
Faure Gnassingbé’s grip on power underscores the growing trend of leaders altering laws to extend their rule, despite popular resistance. With a young, increasingly vocal population and a fractured political landscape, the risk of prolonged unrest is high.
Togo at Crossroads?
As Friday’s protests approach, Togo stands at a critical juncture. Will the government respond with reform or repression? Will the protest movement gain momentum or be silenced?
Activists remain determined. “This is not about party politics anymore,” said social organizer Clarisse Amegah. “It’s about dignity, transparency, and giving the people a voice.”
For now, all eyes are on Lomé.
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